Search results for " 15th century"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Concept and Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the Greco-Roman and Early Arabic Medicine
2007
In the ancient medical literature hydrocephalus was not often described although its existence and symptomatology were well known. Most detailed descriptions of hydrocephalus including the surgical treatment are extant in the encyclopaedic works on medicine of the physicians Oreibasios and Aetios from Amida from the 4th and 6th centuries AD, respectively. Because of their broad scientific interests, this type of physicians, typical for the late Roman empire, were known as philosophy-physicians (iota alpha tau rho o sigma o phi iota sigma tau alpha iota). They defined hydrocephalus in contrast to our present understanding as a fluid collection excluding abscesses visible as a bulging tumour …
Il palazzo arcivescovile di Palermo, da Simone Beccadelli a Giovanni Paternò. Storia e ricostruzione della configurazione quattrocentesca
2021
In the fifties of the fifteenth century, the archbishop of Palermo Simone Beccadelli started the construction of a new archbishop’s palace in an area between the upper stretch of the ancient Cassaro road and the churchyard created along the southern side of the cathedral, whose arrangement had engaged his predecessors since the thirties of the same century. The architectural undertaking, driven by the primary need to create a residence suitable for the rank of the Palermo archibishop’s chair, therefore also assumes a strong urban significance, helping to define the same space of the churchyard and the monumental cathedral complex as a whole. If a first campaign of works would seem to be con…
The main trends in the palaeodemography of the 7th-18th century population of Latvia
2006
The study represents palaeodemographic research of osteological material of 3304 individuals from the funds of the Anthropological Laboratory of the Institute of History of the University of Latvia in Riga, dating from the 7 th to the 18 th century AD. Compensated life expectancy at birth is varying between 20.3 and 22.2 years during the research period. Crude mortality has changed between 49.3 and 45 %o. In the early period (7 th - 13 th century) there is a significant male prevalence (2.2 - 1.4); female life expectancy at the age of 20 is on average 6.6 years less than for males. This difference decreases to 5.4 years in the 13 th - 18 th century. According to historical demography, femal…
Yersinia pestis DNA from Skeletal Remains from the 6th Century AD Reveals Insights into Justinianic Plague
2013
Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of the disease plague, has been implicated in three historical pandemics. These include the third pandemic of the 19th and 20th centuries, during which plague was spread around the world, and the second pandemic of the 14th–17th centuries, which included the infamous epidemic known as the Black Death. Previous studies have confirmed that Y. pestis caused these two more recent pandemics. However, a highly spirited debate still continues as to whether Y. pestis caused the so-called Justinianic Plague of the 6th–8th centuries AD. By analyzing ancient DNA in two independent ancient DNA laboratories, we confirmed unambiguously the presence of Y. pestis DNA in…
The Residences of the Kings of Sicily, from Martin of Aragon to Ferdinand the Catholic
2016
In the context of the capital cities of the Aragonese Kindom, it would be necessary to examineand compare the cerimonial practices, behavioral codes, and uses made of the royal residences. At the same time it seems increasingly evident that, during the 15th century, the mobility of the royal court - as well as that of the aristocrats, merchants, and master builders - slowly shaped a modern, homogeneous common language which is currently defined as "Mediterranean Gothic". This paper analyzes the contribution of Sicily through the study of a number of significant buildings : the royal palace of Palermo and the Steri of Chiaromonte , the castle Maniace of Syracuse .
Principalis fabricator huius felicis urbis Panormi, in S. Montana, F. Scaduto, Antonio Belguardo a master of the late Gothic in Western Sicily and so…
2016
Le informazioni documentarie emerse in questi ultimi anni sulla figura professionale di Antonio Belguardo permettono di ricostruire una biografia attendibile e abbastanza completa di uno dei più importanti e dotati maestri dell’ultimo gotico in Sicilia occidentale e a Palermo, operante tra l’ultimo ventennio del Quattrocento e il primo Cinquecento. Il prestigio e il ruolo del maestro appaiono subito evidenti se si considerano l’intensa attività svolta, il successo presso una committenza “alta” e la rapida ascesa professionale e sociale comprovata dalla carica di capomastro regio (1536) e dalla carriera ecclesiastica del figlio Giovanni probabilmente identificabile con il vescovo di Telese, …
Syphilis 2001 a palaeopathological reappraisal
2002
The origin and subsequent spread of the treponematoses, especially that of venereal syphilis, has been the subject of considerable scientific attention. Various theories were put forth and palaeopathological specimens were used for their validation in recent times. One influential contribution was the paper by Baker & Armelagos in 1988. Numerous new findings and results on both sides of the Atlantic call for a new evaluation of the available osseous material. A review of the recent literature leads to the suggestion of a worldwide distribution of non-venereal treponemal disease since the emergence of Homo and to a first epidemic outbreak of venereal syphilis in Europe of the late 15th and t…
Ancient bacterial genomes reveal a high diversity of Treponema pallidum Strains in early Modern Europe
2020
Syphilis is a globally re-emerging disease, which has marked European history with a devastating epidemic at the end of the 15th century. Together with non-venereal treponemal diseases, like bejel and yaws, which are found today in subtropical and tropical regions, it currently poses a substantial health threat worldwide. The origins and spread of treponemal diseases remain unresolved, including syphilis’ potential introduction into Europe from the Americas. Here, we present the first genetic data from archaeological human remains reflecting a high diversity of Treponema pallidum in early modern Europe. Our study demonstrates that a variety of strains related to both venereal syphilis and y…
Obesity in Aging and Art
2009
THIS issue of Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences highlights new findings on obesity in older persons and its consequences for health and function (1,2,3). The obesity epidemic is spreading rapidly in both developed and developing countries, and perspectives on the negative effects of overweight and obesity abound in recent medical literature. What do we know so far about obesity over the lifetime? Obesity does not spare older persons (4). Obese older persons experience a wide range of negative consequences, including metabolic abnormalities, arthritis, pulmonary diseases, cataracts, cancer, impaired mobility, disability, and mortality. Given the already extensive knowledge base, why a…
A classification of European skulls from three time periods.
1987
We analyze the taxonomic structure of European populations at three time periods, the Early Middle Ages, the Late Middle Ages and the Recent Period. The data consist of sample means for 10 cranial variables based on 137, 108, and 183 samples for the three periods. Clustering by standard numerical taxonomic procedures reveals that the data are represented only poorly as hierarchic classifications. The clusters form significant and moderately strong associations with an arrangement of the samples by regions (geography) and by language family. Whereas during the early period, language family showed a stronger association with clusters based on cranial morphology, in the recent populations thes…